[대통령 개헌안] 4년 연임 도입한 대통령중심제 유지… 선거연령 18세로, 대선 결선투표 도입
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작성자 림들이 작성일18-03-25 23:22 조회312회 댓글1건관련링크
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청와대는 22일 대통령 4년 연임(連任)제를 채택한 대통령 개헌안을 공개했다. 대통령 특별사면권은 제한하고 감사원은 독립시켜 제왕적 대통령 권한을 대폭 축소했다.
선거연령은 만 20세에서 18세로 낮췄고, 대법원장 인사권도 줄였다. 다만 대통령의 국무총리 임명권이 유지돼 국회의 총리 추천ㆍ선출을 주장한 야권과의 충돌이 불가피할 전망이다.
조국 청와대 민정수석은 이날 대통령 개헌안의 정부형태ㆍ선거제도ㆍ사법제도 부분을 공개하며 이같이 밝혔다. 우선 정부형태는 대통령제로 하되 현행 5년 단임제 대신 4년 연임제를 도입했다. 조국 수석은 “책임정치를 구현하고 안정되게 국정을 운영할 수 있는 4년 연임제를 채택할 때가 됐다”고 설명했다. 다만 문 대통령은 연임 대상에서 제외된다.
제왕적 대통령 권한은 대폭 축소시켰다. 대통령의 우월적 지위를 해소하기 위해 헌법상 대통령의 ‘국가원수’ 지위를 삭제했다. 또 역대 대통령들이 전가의 보도로 여기던 특별사면권도 사면위원회의 심사를 반드시 거치도록 했다. 헌법재판소장은 헌법재판관들이 호선(互選)하도록 해 대통령의 영향력을 배제했다.
대통령 소속인 감사원은 헌법상 독립기관으로 분리시켰다. 감사위원 6인 전원에 대한 대통령 인사권도 국회가 3명을 선출토록 분산시켰다. 국회의 정부에 대한 통제권도 커졌다. 국회의 권한을 확대하기 위해 예산 법률주의를 도입했고, 정부 법률안 제출권도 제한했다.
다만 국무총리 임명권은 여전히 대통령에게 둬 국회와의 충돌이 예상된다. 자유한국당은 국회가 총리 추천권 내지 선출권을 갖는 ‘분권형 대통령제’를 개헌안으로 제시한 상태다. 반면 청와대는 분권형 대통령제는 사실상 이원집정부제이고, 국정혼란을 야기할 수 있다는 입장이다. 조국 수석은 “현재도 국회 동의를 얻어야 총리를 임명할 수 있어 대통령과 국회 사이에는 균형과 견제 원리가 작동하고 있다”고 말했다.
선거제도에선 선거연령을 18세로 낮춰 청소년의 선거권을 보장했다. ‘국회 의석은 투표자의 의사에 비례해 배분돼야 한다”는 비례성 강화 원칙이 헌법에 명시됐다. 향후 연동형 비례대표제 등을 도입할 근거가 될 것으로 보인다. 대선에서 과반 득표자가 나오지 않으면 득표수 상위자가 결선을 치르는 결선투표제도 도입됐다.
대법원장의 막강한 권력도 수술대에 올랐다. 대법원장이 임명ㆍ제청하던 대법관은 대법관추천위원회의 추천 절차를 거치도록 했다. 일반 법관도 법관인사위원회의 제청과 대법관회의의 동의를 거쳐 대법원장이 임명하게 바꿨다. 지금까지 대법원장이 행사한 헌법재판소 재판권 3인, 중앙선거관리위원 3인의 선출권도 대법관회의로 이관했다.
정지용 기자cdragon25@hankookilbo.com
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